? Additional 25 new cars in North America, 20 in Europe, 12 in China, 12 in India are dissembled every year 

Determine mass statistics for Aluminum and Steel unadjusted for mass drivers

Create scatter plots of component mass vs significant mass driver

Determine mass-driver equation for component mass to allow objective comparison

Identify efficient designs of each material and compare mass

Identify material factor for each component

For selected subsystems, compare Aluminum-to-Steel mass reduction for Structure and for System

The body structure consists of the body-in-white with front sub-frame less doors including paint, sealer and mastic sound treatments.

Vehicles with full frames have been excluded.

Mass-efficient designs were quantified by the number of standard errors, r, below the nominal.

The criterion for choosing the number of standard errors below nominal, n, was at least three
data samples were observed with mass equal to or less than that value

There is a considerable range of mass for steel components of the same size and function. Thus, there
is an opportunity in current production vehicles for mass reduction, even with the technology and materials already in use.

When compared to an efficient steel design, the mass savings gap with aluminum significantly reduces.

Mass saving achieved in the structure due to material substitution is often not realized at the system level.